Tuesday, February 14, 2012

Fukushima at increased earthquake risk

ScienceDaily (Feb. 14, 2012) ? Seismic risk at the Fukushima nuclear plant increased after the magnitude 9 earthquake that hit Japan last March, scientists report. The new study, which uses data from over 6,000 earthquakes, shows the 11 March tremor caused a seismic fault close to the nuclear plant to reactivate.

The results are now published in Solid Earth, an open-access journal of the European Geosciences Union (EGU).

The research suggests authorities should strengthen the security of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant to withstand large earthquakes that are likely to directly disturb the region. The power plant witnessed one of the worst nuclear disasters in history after it was damaged by the 11 March 2011 magnitude 9 earthquake and tsunami. But this tremor occurred about 160 km from the site, and a much closer one could occur in the future at Fukushima.

"There are a few active faults in the nuclear power plant area, and our results show the existence of similar structural anomalies under both the Iwaki and the Fukushima Daiichi areas. Given that a large earthquake occurred in Iwaki not long ago, we think it is possible for a similarly strong earthquake to happen in Fukushima," says team-leader Dapeng Zhao, geophysics professor at Japan's Tohoku University.

The 11 April 2011 magnitude 7 Iwaki earthquake was the strongest aftershock of the 11 March earthquake with an inland epicentre. It occurred 60 km southwest of the Fukushima nuclear power plant, or 200 km from the 11 March epicentre.

The research now published in EGU's Solid Earth shows that the Iwaki earthquake was triggered by fluids moving upwards from the subducting Pacific plate to the crust. The Pacific plate is moving beneath northeast Japan, which increases the temperature and pressure of the minerals in it. This leads to the removal of water from minerals, generating fluids that are less dense than the surrounding rock. These fluids move up to the upper crust and may alter seismic faults.

"Ascending fluids can reduce the friction of part of an active fault and so trigger it to cause a large earthquake. This, together with the stress variations caused by the 11 March event, is what set off the Iwaki tremor," says Ping Tong, lead author of the paper.

The number of earthquakes in Iwaki increased greatly after the March earthquake. The movements in Earth's crust induced by the event caused variations in the seismic pressure or stress of nearby faults. Around Iwaki, Japan's seismic network recorded over 24,000 tremors from 11 March 2011 to 27 October 2011, up from under 1,300 detected quakes in the nine years before, the scientists report.

The 6,000 of these earthquakes selected for the study were recorded by 132 seismographic stations in Japan from June 2002 to October 2011. The researchers analysed these data to take pictures of Earth's interior, using a technique called seismic tomography.

"The method is a powerful tool to map out structural anomalies, such as ascending fluids, in the Earth's crust and upper mantle using seismic waves. It can be compared to a CT or CAT scan, which relies on X-rays to detect tumours or fractures inside the human body," explains Zhao.

While the scientists can't predict when an earthquake in Fukushima Daiichi will occur, they state that the ascending fluids observed in the area indicate that such an event is likely to occur in the near future. They warn that more attention should be paid to the site's ability to withstand strong earthquakes, and reduce the risk of another nuclear disaster.

The scientists also note that the results may be useful for reviewing seismic safety in other nuclear facilities in Japan, such as nearby Fukushima Daini, Onagawa to the north of Fukushima, and T?kai to the south.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by European Geosciences Union, via AlphaGalileo.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. P. Tong, D. Zhao, D. Yang. Tomography of the 2011 Iwaki earthquake (M 7.0) and Fukushima nuclear power plant area. Solid Earth Discussions, 2011; 3 (2): 1021 DOI: 10.5194/sed-3-1021-2011

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120214100819.htm

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Tuesday, February 7, 2012

Reduce weight Faster With These Simple Tips | New Health and ...

New Health And Fitness.Org - Health Information You Can Use

Losing weight doesn?t have to be the onerous chore people often believe it?s. Losing weight could be very rewarding, but it does require willpower and persistence.

When eating a salad at a restaurant, ask for the dressing to be on the side. You will probably use a lot less dressing than would be added by the server. Just dip the tines of the fork into the dressing as you consume rather than pouring it on the salad. You will be happy to see the final results of cutting down on calories once you?ve lost a few pounds.

Ensure to track how many calories you are taking in. Because you?ll be keeping track of everything you consume, you will not eat as much and you?ll make healthier food choices. While you require workout, a healthy diet will most definitely assist you drop some weight and maintain that loss.

Try replacing all of your beverages with water. It has zero calories compared to the many piled on from drinking sugary soda and juice. Conversely, water has zero calories, is relatively inexpensive, and assists to fill you up.

Ensure to take a picture of yourself as you?re before you begin trying to lose weight. Seeing a picture can help motivate you and keep you motivated. It can also give you something to look back on and see just what you?ve accomplished. They can also inspire other people in your life who are attempting to lose weight.

You must not take any type of dietary medication before consulting a doctor. Many of these drugs could be dangerous to anyone who has heart disease or other health problems. Ask your doctor whether the pills are safe to take before you start.

Eating a number of vegetables and fruit can assist you in your fat loss efforts. There are many fruits and vegetables that you could consume, and you must try as many of these as you may. This may give you the opportunity to possibly find out about a fruit of vegetable you may not know about but really enjoy. Another way to easily have more fresh fruit in your diet would be by mixing smoothies or putting fresh fruit in your cereal, or chopping it up into your favorite dessert. Vegetables make a healthy addition to dishes like stews and most soups.

It?s important to consume every meal even when you are working on shedding pounds. Skipping meals can cause your whole body to burn muscle, and store fat. If you skip a meal it can hurt your fat loss efforts.One easy way to start slimming down would be to cut red meats out of your diet program. These are very high in bad fats and cholesterol, which are not heart healthy. Instead of consume red meat, substitute this with leaner items like fish and poultry.

If you?re dissatisfied with your weight and your clothes seem to be shrinking, hopefully this article has provided you with some inspiration and motivation to drop a few pounds. Use the advice you?ve learned from this article and start dropping those pounds today.

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Source: http://newhealthandfitness.org/2012/02/05/reduce-weight-faster-with-these-simple-tips/

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Monday, February 6, 2012

[OOC] K i d n a p p e d

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Could I reserve a friend? I've already submitted her form (Carola Geisler). I'm hoping for her to be approved. Also, if you need more characters, I'd be more than happy to submit another one.

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Sunday, February 5, 2012

Last Inventory Home at Belmont Chase ... - Atlanta Real Estate Forum

Atlanta real estate builderBrock Built has just one inventory remaining at Belmont Chase. If you?ve been searching for new homes in Smyrna, don?t miss out on this great opportunity!

The Savannah on Homesite 9 is a gorgeous home with three bedrooms and 2.5 baths! This floor plan offers plenty of flexibility. The living room can be converted into a fourth bedroom, and the powder room can be upgraded to a full bath. The third-floor bonus room can be finished to provide a fifth bedroom and fourth full bath. It can also be used as an entertainment room, playroom or home office. You?ll love the dark hardwood flooring in the family room, kitchen, hall and breakfast room. The gourmet kitchen also has recessed can lighting, granite countertops and stainless appliances. The master bath has tile flooring, Moen fixtures and a soaking tub. The Savannah also has a detached garage and an outdoor living area. This gorgeous home is a steal at just $231,900.00

Belmont Chase is located in the sought after Smyrna-Vinings area inside the City of Smyrna. This neighborhood offers easy access to I-285 and I-75. It is also within walking distance to the Smyrna Market Village and the expanded sidewalks leading to the Silver Comet Trail. Homeowners also enjoy low Cobb County property taxes and access to quality schools.

For more information on the Smyrna new homes at Belmont Chase, visit the Brock Built website.

Source: http://www.atlantarealestateforum.com/last-inventory-home-at-belmont-chase-57157/

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Critical Consensus: Karina Longworth and Mark Olsen Discuss ...

Editor?s note: Critical Consensus is a biweekly feature in which two critics from Indiewire?s Criticwire network discuss new releases with Indiewire?s chief film critic, Eric Kohn. Here, L.A. Weekly film critic Karina Longworth and L.A. Times freelancer Mark Olsen discuss some of the provocative films at this year's Sundance Film Festival, which concluded last weekend. Details on films opening this week follow the conversation.

This was a particularly interesting year at Sundance for people curious about the breakouts: For every person who seemed to think there were no "big" discoveries, a number of critics singled out films that received divided responses as among their favorites.

For example, Mark, you loved "Compliance," Craig Zobel's quasi-psychological thriller about a con man who impersonates a police officer and tricks the staffers at a fast food joint. But "Compliance" famously invited angry responses at its Sundance premiere. What do you think accounts for this mixed reaction? And do you think the controversy at the premiere will play a role in the continuing life of this film, or is it just one of those things that only exists on Planet Sundance? Conversely, are there films from this year's festival that seemed to garner universal acclaim that you felt was undeserved?

MARK OLSEN: I watched ?Compliance? ahead of the festival on a screener alone at home. I found it to be a tense, gripping drama about our everyday relationship to power and authority, and the tenuous, panicked grip many have on the merest sliver of stability. No one can afford ? emotionally or financially ? to lose whatever little piece of turf they have. The commonplace feeling of getting screwed over and having no choice but to accept it ran through the film like a bracing chill or, more accurately within the context of the movie itself, a sick joke. As well, being a fan of Craig Zobel?s ?Great World Of Sound? I was intrigued by thinking this was in some sense a response to anyone who criticized his tactics in making that earlier film, in which some people ?auditioned? for his cameras without fully understanding the project they were participating in. ?I didn?t twist anyone?s arm,? Zobel could be interpreted to be saying here, while at the same time exploring with deep sympathy why someone might be coerced into something that from the outside seems implausible, the small incidents and moments that build and build, how giving all those little inches leave you a mile off course.

What I didn?t get from my initial viewing was the very thing that made that first screening at Sundance such an unexpected event, the powder-keg pressure of a roomful of people watching something so horrible unfold. The explosive audience-response aspect of the film, so apparent in hindsight, was something I honestly did not see coming. The idea that controversy will now follow the film likely won?t hurt it and will probably become sort of calling card, the yell-at-the-screen tension being about as solid a selling point as one could hope for. The only hurdle may be if audiences walk in expecting some kicky exploitation thrills. Zobel, while never losing sight of the emotional and physical consequences of what the film?s main victim is being put through, also keeps the focus on just how much of the film?s action comes from words, people convinced what they are participating in is correct and proper.

Sundance crowds like to keep it positive, which as Eric pointed out in a piece he wrote during the festival, means that films such as ?Compliance? or ?The Comedy? or ?Simon Killer? will always be forced into some sort of second-tier position at the festival exactly because they are going to push a certain sector of the audience toward uncomfortable places where they are reluctant to go. It?s no accident that two of the better-received films at the fest, ?Beasts Of The Southern Wild? and ?Safety Not Guaranteed,? both ended on notes of triumph and uplift. As well, it?s worth noting that some of the most high-profile praise for ?Beasts? came with warnings/premonitions about a backlash built in, as if to suggest it were impossible to respond to the film negatively unless one were modulating or positioning a purposefully contrarian argument.

Karina, I'd like to ask you about "Simon Killer." A couple of us loved it -- you were especially positive -- but reviews were decidedly mixed and it won no awards. Personally, I get the sense that an international festival scene will give it a warmer response, but why do you think "Simon Killer" rubbed so many people the wrong way? Do Sundance audiences bring in a set of expectations that harm films like this? Furthermore, given that "Simon Killer" is brought to you by the same team that dominated Sundance 2011 headlines with "Martha Marcy May Marlene" last year, and that there are obvious stylistic and thematic connections between the two, why do you think the earlier film seemed to garner so much more acclaim?

KARINA LONGWORTH: I'm uniquely unqualified to talk about "expectations," because going into Sundance this year, I decided to attempt to approach the festival without any, to experience the films themselves without influence. I didn't talk to publicists about their slates or read catalog descriptions or preview stories before the festival, and I avoided reading reviews or news stories or having the "what have you liked?" conversation with other journalists during the festival. As such, I'm not totally well-versed in the arguments against "Simon Killer," and I don't want to speculate.

But as for why "Simon Killer" failed to ride the same kind of buzz wave that benefited "Martha Marcy," I think it's worth questioning whether "Martha Marcy" would have been a "hit" in a different year. Every Sundance is exactly the same as the last, except for the one or two ways in which it's completely different. After Sundance 2010 spawned a number of crossover hits/Oscar nominees, including Grand Jury Prize winner "Winter's Bone," the buying climate at 2011 was active, leading to the acquisitions of films which were generally less obviously commercial, almost all of which featured star-making performances for beautiful young actresses akin to the breakout platform "Winter's Bone" gave Jennifer Lawrence. Nowadays the "news" of Sundance is made in its first four days, so by Monday morning the narrative of the festival had become codified: it was the year of the ingenue.

"Simon Killer" has no breakout star narrative to compensate for the fact that the movie is a conceptual character study about a piece-of-shit human being, which is simply not going to be everyone's cup of tea. And even if it did, because most of those 2011 movies failed to cross over commercially, the industry and the mainstream entertainment media likely went into the festival looking for something else.

That said, "Beasts of the Southern Wild" certainly benefited from the sense of discovery surrounding it and its cast of unknowns, particularly the adorable Quvenzhan? Wallis. Mark's right on point that the film's biggest fans have positioned the movie as being above genuine critique is an obvious lead-in to the festival's real "problem," which is not even Sundance's fault, really: however "divisive" a film like "Simon Killer" may seem to be, it's shocking how little debate actually happens about the merits of any individual film at the festival, because too many attendees with a "voice" approach the festival as though it's a place of right and wrong answers. The speed at which films are consumed and spat out as "hits" or "bombs" allows no time for digestion, and once the party line on a movie is out in the ether, it almost always seems to stick.

"The speed at which films are consumed and spat out as 'hits' or 'bombs' allows no time for digestion, and once the party line on a movie is out in the ether, it almost always seems to stick." --Karina Longworth


And thus you can't offer a mixed assessment of a film like "Beasts" without being accused of artificial contrarianism. Meanwhile, films which demand digestion/reflection (such as "Compliance," or "For Ellen," a film which I walked out of with mixed feelings but which stuck in my head over the next few days while other films receded) don't get it.

We all seem to agree that Sundance fever can be a very misleading thing. What, then, do we make of "Beasts," which seemed to inspire near-religious fervor from its most devout fans during the festival? Few doubt that director Benh Zeitlin has a strong, energizing vision unlike anything else at this year's festival (or set to hit U.S. theaters this year). I was floored by movie's visual majesty but found its emotional core less accessible, and I have to wonder if others will feel the same way. It's probably unfair to say that "Beasts" was designed to win the Grand Jury prize, but certainly the context that Sundance provided the film helped boost its appeal and bring it to the attention of Fox Searchlight, who bought it.

Mark, do you think you would have experienced "Beasts" in the same way had you watched it alone on a screener, as you did with "Compliance"? You point out that most endorsements of "Beasts" ended with the expectation of a backlash. What is it about this film that makes people so defensive of it? And is it even possible to address its flaws without facing the intense and immediate fury of the fans convinced of its perfection?

MO: Due to the vagaries of my personal setup as an intrepid freelancer, I didn't actually arrive at Sundance until Monday, when the festival was already well underway and for some even already over. So I experienced the big first weekend as essentially a regular person, reading articles and reviews and, yes, obsessively checking my Twitter feed for the latest word on the latest film. And it is hard not to get the impression of a rampaging herd of critics and journalists lurching from one screening to the next en masse, kicking up a dustcloud like Pigpen from "Peanuts." The pressure to be first, pithy and definitive, to somehow nail each movie to the wall before moving on to the next target becomes a dispiriting thing as a reader and consumer and especially once I myself tag in. Festival coverage can be a full-contact sport, but it really is a drag when it becomes a matter of gamesmanship more than discourse and the coverage of any festival too often just starts to seem like so much noise to anyone trying to make sense of it from outside the immediate bubble of the experience.

Which may be exactly why supporters of "Beasts Of The Southern Wild" have gone into a defensive stance so quickly, knowing full well that there will always be someone out there looking to take the contrarian/opposing position for the sake of simply staking out fresh turf. In some sense fans of the film are simply trying to hold onto the immediacy of their enthusiasm without some joker putting a damper on it. Real feelings can be hard to come by, especially in the rush of a film festival like Sundance, and so the impulse is understandable. But again, the idea of having a conversation or attempting to unravel complicated feelings -- pro, con or in-between -- too often gets swept away in the undertow.

"The idea of having a conversation or attempting to unravel complicated feelings -- pro, con or in-between -- too often gets swept away in the undertow." --Mark Olsen


And to answer your initial/actual question, yes, I do think my response to "Beasts" would have been the same if I had seen it ahead of the festival. (Sidebar: I like to think I have become especially adept at monitoring my own response to things I am allowed to see ahead of a festival, sometimes having to cosnciously dial back my enthusiasm knowing that it tends to rise for things I am shown under secretive/exclusive circumstances.) "Beasts" is nothing if not cinematic, so it definitely benefits from being seen on a big screen with loud sound, but one of my own issues with it is how it is art directed within an inch of its life, every bit of junk and detrius chosen and placed just so, such that the film was for me a far more calculated and cerebral exercise than the piece of wild, raw expressionism it seems intended to be. ?
?

Karina, you described Zeitlin's vision as "both pagan and twee," an apt summation of how its spiritual appeal operates on a rather superficial level. But others have fixated on the film as a "post-Katrina" vision, an allegorical encapsulation of poverty in America and a brilliant evocation of a child's view of the world. Do you think Sundance audiences projected the interpretations they wanted to see or does "Beasts" make a failed attempt at grappling with these profound themes?? ?

KL: I agree that "Beasts of the Southern Wild" is a "brilliant evocation of child's view of the world" -- to a fault. It's so locked into a child's highly fantastic point of view that it can only grapple with reality in a cursory and blinkered way. The film's trip to the mainland, and the deliberate post-Katrina references that go with it, feel to me like an attempt to appropriate something viewers understand and are familiar with in order to add gravitas to its cloistered, otherworldly fairy tale. I wonder if sticking in the Bathtub and probing more deeply into the characters and relationships percolating there wouldn't have accomplished a similar grounding trick, without bringing in references to a socio-political reality that the film has no intention of dealing with in a serious way.

That said, I do think the film has merits and is worthy of appreciation. I'll reiterate my earlier point that if we come at this looking for right or wrong answers, we're doing it wrong. I also think enough has been written and said about this movie, while many Sundance films worthy of discussion have been comparatively ignored. Maybe they don't "matter" because their distribution futures are uncertain, but I would love to give this kind of attention to the craft and content of films like "The Ambassador," "Detropia," and "Room 237" -- three films which attempt to redefine the notion of nonfiction filmmaking in three completely different ways.

Source: http://www.indiewire.com/article/critical-consensus-karina-longworth-and-mark-olsen-discuss-sundance-2012

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Saturday, February 4, 2012

Parasites or not? Transposable elements in fruit flies

Friday, February 3, 2012

Nearly all organisms contain pieces of DNA that do not really belong to them. These "transposable elements", so called because they are capable of moving around within and between genomes, generally represent a drain on the host's resources and in certain cases may lead directly to disease, e.g. when they insert themselves within an essential host gene. The factors that govern the spread of transposable elements within a population are broadly understood but many of the finer points remain unclear. New work at the University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna (Vetmeduni Vienna) may pave the way to a more profound knowledge of the intracellular battle that is constantly being played out between the host and invading DNA.

Robert Kofler and Andrea Betancourt in Schl?tterer's group at the Vetmeduni Vienna's Institute of Population Genetics used new sequencing technologies to examine the variation in transposable elements within a population of fruit flies. Similar investigations had been undertaken previously but the scientists incorporated a number of refinements to ensure that their analysis considered both known and previously unknown sites of insertion. For the first time, the researchers were able to catalogue all the transposable elements in a population of flies. And importantly they were also able to determine how frequently transposable elements occur at each particular site of insertion.

The findings were dramatic. The flies contain transposable elements at a large number of sites in the genome, although many insertion sites are affected in relatively few individuals. These are presumably sites of recent insertion and only the future will tell whether the elements are maintained there. Some older insertion sites are widespread but the majority seem not to be "fixed" in the population. In other words, most transposable elements are somehow purged before they become established. Schl?tterer sums up the results by stating that "the genome is like a record of past wars between hosts and the parasitic DNA. There have been waves of attacks and the majority of them have been repelled, with only few transposable elements managing to survive and spread throughout the population."

Even more surprisingly, the scientists found about a dozen sites of insertion that were more frequent in the population than would be expected from their age (assessed via a different method). It seems, then, that there is positive selection for transposable elements at these sites, suggesting that insertion has a beneficial effect on the host. Such an effect had previously been shown for two insertions that give increased resistance against insecticides and these cases were refound by Schl?tterer's analysis. The functions of the genes closest to the remaining insertions are highly diverse, so how the transposable elements may benefit the flies is unclear. As Schl?tterer puts it, "perhaps we shouldn't really think of transposable elements as parasites at all. They represent a way for organisms to increase their genetic repertoire, which may be advantageous in helping them meet future challenges."

###

Sequencing of Pooled DNA Samples (Pool-Seq) Uncovers Complex Dynamics of Transposable Element Insertions in Drosophila melanogaster by Robert Kofler, Andrea J. Betancourt and Christian Schl?tterer has just been published by the open access journal PLoS Genetics. http://www.plosgenetics.org/doi/pgen.1002487

University of Veterinary Medicine -- Vienna: http://www.vetmeduni.ac.at

Thanks to University of Veterinary Medicine -- Vienna for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/117347/Parasites_or_not___Transposable_elements_in_fruit_flies

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Serbia: 11,000 trapped in remote villages by snow

Hikers take pictures near the frost covered Wendelstein church, Germany's highest church, at 1838 meters (6030 feet) on the Wendelstein mountain near Bayrischzell, southern Germany, on Thursday, Feb. 2, 2012. A cold spell has reached central and eastern Europe with temperatures plummeting far below zero. (AP Photo/Matthias Schrader)

Hikers take pictures near the frost covered Wendelstein church, Germany's highest church, at 1838 meters (6030 feet) on the Wendelstein mountain near Bayrischzell, southern Germany, on Thursday, Feb. 2, 2012. A cold spell has reached central and eastern Europe with temperatures plummeting far below zero. (AP Photo/Matthias Schrader)

Hikers make their way near the frost covered Wendelstein church, Germany's highest church, at 1838 meters (6030 feet) on the Wendelstein mountain near Bayrischzell, southern Germany, on Thursday, Feb. 2, 2012. A cold spell has reached central and eastern Europe with temperatures plummeting far below zero. (AP Photo/Matthias Schrader)

A woman walk on the street in Vilnius, Lithuania,Thursday, Feb. 2, 2012 as morning temperatures plummeted to -30 Celsius (-22 degrees Fahrenheit). Parts of eastern and central Europe were hit hard by heavy snow and frigid temperatures leaving hundreds trapped in cars, dozens of communities without power and bringing the overall toll from a week of frigid weather in Eastern Europe to 112.(AP Photo/Mindaugas Kulbis)

An iced gargoyle of a fountain in the Swiss city of Zurisch is photographed Thursday Feb. 2, 2012 . A cold spell has reached central and eastern Europe with temperatures far below zero. (AP Photo/Keystone/Alessandro Della Bella)

A woman enters the water to swim in the Mediterranean sea in Nice, southeastern France in sunny weather with a morning temperature of 6 degrees Celsius, 43 degrees Fahrenheit, Thursday, Feb. 2, 2012 as heavy snow and subzero temperatures continued to sweep across Europe. (AP Photo/Lionel Cironneau)

(AP) ? At least 11,000 villagers have been trapped by heavy snow and blizzards in Serbia's mountains, authorities announced Thursday, as the death toll from Eastern Europe's weeklong deep freeze rose to 122.

The stranded live in some 6,500 homes located in remote areas that cannot be reached due to icy, snow-clogged roads, emergency police official Predrag Maric said. Emergency crews were pressing hard to try to clear the snow and deliver badly needed supplies.

"We are trying everything to unblock the roads since more snow and blizzards are expected in the coming days," Maric said.

He said "the most dramatic" situation is near Serbia's southwestern town of Sijenica, where it has been freezing cold or snowing for the 26 days, and diesel fuel supplies used by snowplows are running low.

"We hope to get the supplies there today, or tomorrow at the latest," Maric said.

Newly reported deaths on Thursday because of the cold included 20 in Ukraine, nine in Poland, eight in Romania, and one more each in Serbia and the Czech Republic. Officials said most of victims were homeless.

Polish government spokeswoman Malgorzata Wozniak said her country's victims were mostly homeless people under the influence of alcohol who had sought shelter in unheated buildings. Officials appealed to the public to quickly help anyone they saw in need.

In Ukraine, 63 people have died from the cold in the last week. Nearly 950 others were hospitalized with hypothermia and frostbite, and more than 2,000 heated tents have been set up with hot food for the homeless.

In Romania, the health ministry on Thursday raised the number of cold-related deaths there to 22.

About 180 schools were closed in Romania because of the freezing cold. Three ships were blocked on the Danube River ? one German, one Dutch and one Romanian ? and efforts were made to unblock them from ice.

In Bulgaria, where 16 towns recorded their lowest temperatures since records started 100 years ago, 1,070 schools across the country remained closed Thursday and large sections of the Danube were frozen, hampering navigation.

In Serbia and Bosnia, helicopters evacuated dozens of people from snow-blocked villages this week and airlifted in food and medicine.

Some Bosnian villages have had no electricity for days and crews were working around-the-clock trying to fix power lines.

The airport in Montenegro's capital, Podgorica, was shut down for the second day Thursday because of heavy snowfall.

However, the cold wave wasn't causing hardship everywhere.

Dutch authorities banned boats from some of Amsterdam's canals and waterways in the hope the big freeze gripping the city would turn the still water to ice and allow residents to go skating. They also turned off mills and pumps that regulate water levels in the low-lying, flood-prone nation to improve the chances of canals freezing over.

Speed skating is a winter obsession in the Netherlands and hopes are about the possibility of holding the Elfstedentocht ? or "11 Town Tour" ? skating race being staged for the first time since 1997.

The 200-kilometer (125-mile) tour route takes skaters over frozen canals and lakes linking 11 towns in the northern Netherlands. The tour, which is also a race for elite skaters, has only been staged 15 times since the first official event in 1909.

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Monika Scislowska reported from Poland, Alina Wolfe Murray from Romania, Veselin Toskhov from Bulgaria and Mike Corder from the Netherlands contributed to this report.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2012-02-02-EU-Europe-Weather/id-29a67a889cbe4f1abdb507d2eb2d9b5f

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